Detection of Airborne Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) Coronavirus and Environmental Contamination in SARS Outbreak Units
Identifieur interne : 004A01 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 004A00; suivant : 004A02Detection of Airborne Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) Coronavirus and Environmental Contamination in SARS Outbreak Units
Auteurs : Timothy F. Booth [Canada] ; Bill Kournikakis ; Nathalie Bastien ; Jim Ho ; Darwyn Kobasa ; Laurie Stadnyk ; Yan Li ; Mel Spence ; Shirley Paton ; Bonnie Henry ; Barbara Mederski ; Diane White ; Donald E. Low [Canada] ; Allison Mcgeer [Canada] ; Andrew Simor [Canada] ; Mary Vearncombe [Canada] ; James Downey ; Frances B. Jamieson [Canada] ; Patrick Tang [Canada] ; Frank PlummerSource :
- The Journal of Infectious Diseases [ 0022-1899 ] ; 2005.
Descripteurs français
- KwdFr :
- MESH :
- génétique : Virus du SRAS.
- isolement et purification : Virus du SRAS.
- épidémiologie : Canada, Syndrome respiratoire aigu sévère.
- Flambées de maladies, Humains, Microbiologie de l'air, RT-PCR.
- Wicri :
- geographic : Canada.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- MESH :
- geographic , epidemiology : Canada.
- epidemiology : Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome.
- genetics : SARS Virus.
- isolation & purification : SARS Virus.
- transmission : Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome.
- Air Microbiology, Disease Outbreaks, Humans, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction.
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is characterized by a risk of nosocomial transmission; however, the risk of airborne transmission of SARS is unknown. During the Toronto outbreaks of SARS, we investigated environmental contamination in SARS units, by employing novel air sampling and conventional surface swabbing. Two polymerase chain reaction (PCR)–positive air samples were obtained from a room occupied by a patient with SARS, indicating the presence of the virus in the air of the room. In addition, several PCR-positive swab samples were recovered from frequently touched surfaces in rooms occupied by patients with SARS (a bed table and a television remote control) and in a nurses’ station used by staff (a medication refrigerator door). These data provide the first experimental confirmation of viral aerosol generation by a patient with SARS, indicating the possibility of airborne droplet transmission, which emphasizes the need for adequate respiratory protection, as well as for strict surface hygiene practices
Url:
DOI: 10.1086/429634
Affiliations:
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Booth</name><affiliation></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country wicri:rule="url">Canada</country></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kournikakis, Bill" sort="Kournikakis, Bill" uniqKey="Kournikakis B" first="Bill" last="Kournikakis">Bill Kournikakis</name><affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField"></wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bastien, Nathalie" sort="Bastien, Nathalie" uniqKey="Bastien N" first="Nathalie" last="Bastien">Nathalie Bastien</name><affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField"></wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ho, Jim" sort="Ho, Jim" uniqKey="Ho J" first="Jim" last="Ho">Jim Ho</name><affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField"></wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kobasa, Darwyn" sort="Kobasa, Darwyn" uniqKey="Kobasa D" first="Darwyn" last="Kobasa">Darwyn Kobasa</name><affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField"></wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stadnyk, Laurie" sort="Stadnyk, Laurie" uniqKey="Stadnyk L" first="Laurie" last="Stadnyk">Laurie Stadnyk</name><affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField"></wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Li, Yan" sort="Li, Yan" uniqKey="Li Y" first="Yan" last="Li">Yan Li</name><affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField"></wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Spence, Mel" sort="Spence, Mel" uniqKey="Spence M" first="Mel" last="Spence">Mel Spence</name><affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField"></wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Paton, Shirley" sort="Paton, Shirley" uniqKey="Paton S" first="Shirley" last="Paton">Shirley Paton</name><affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField"></wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Henry, Bonnie" sort="Henry, Bonnie" uniqKey="Henry B" first="Bonnie" last="Henry">Bonnie Henry</name><affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField"></wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mederski, Barbara" sort="Mederski, Barbara" uniqKey="Mederski B" first="Barbara" last="Mederski">Barbara Mederski</name><affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField"></wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="White, Diane" sort="White, Diane" uniqKey="White D" first="Diane" last="White">Diane White</name><affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField"></wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Low, Donald E" sort="Low, Donald E" uniqKey="Low D" first="Donald E." last="Low">Donald E. Low</name><affiliation></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="4"><orgName type="university">Université de Toronto</orgName><country>Canada</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Toronto</settlement><region type="state">Ontario</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mcgeer, Allison" sort="Mcgeer, Allison" uniqKey="Mcgeer A" first="Allison" last="Mcgeer">Allison Mcgeer</name><affiliation></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="4"><orgName type="university">Université de Toronto</orgName><country>Canada</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Toronto</settlement><region type="state">Ontario</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Simor, Andrew" sort="Simor, Andrew" uniqKey="Simor A" first="Andrew" last="Simor">Andrew Simor</name><affiliation></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="4"><orgName type="university">Université de Toronto</orgName><country>Canada</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Toronto</settlement><region type="state">Ontario</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vearncombe, Mary" sort="Vearncombe, Mary" uniqKey="Vearncombe M" first="Mary" last="Vearncombe">Mary Vearncombe</name><affiliation></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="4"><orgName type="university">Université de Toronto</orgName><country>Canada</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Toronto</settlement><region type="state">Ontario</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Downey, James" sort="Downey, James" uniqKey="Downey J" first="James" last="Downey">James Downey</name><affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">and</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jamieson, Frances B" sort="Jamieson, Frances B" uniqKey="Jamieson F" first="Frances B." last="Jamieson">Frances B. Jamieson</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Central Public Health Laboratory, Ontario Ministry of Health and Long Term Care, Etobicoke</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Etobicoke</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tang, Patrick" sort="Tang, Patrick" uniqKey="Tang P" first="Patrick" last="Tang">Patrick Tang</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><orgName type="university">Université de Toronto</orgName><country>Canada</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Toronto</settlement><region type="state">Ontario</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Plummer, Frank" sort="Plummer, Frank" uniqKey="Plummer F" first="Frank" last="Plummer">Frank Plummer</name><affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField"></wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author></analytic><monogr></monogr><series><title level="j" type="main">The Journal of Infectious Diseases</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">The Journal of Infectious Diseases</title><idno type="ISSN">0022-1899</idno><idno type="eISSN">1537-6613</idno><imprint><publisher>The University of Chicago Press</publisher><date type="published">2005</date><biblScope unit="vol">191</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">9</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="1472">1472</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="1477">1477</biblScope></imprint><idno type="ISSN">0022-1899</idno></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">0022-1899</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Air Microbiology</term><term>Canada (epidemiology)</term><term>Disease Outbreaks</term><term>Humans</term><term>Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction</term><term>SARS Virus (genetics)</term><term>SARS Virus (isolation & purification)</term><term>Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (epidemiology)</term><term>Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (transmission)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="KwdFr" xml:lang="fr"><term>Canada (épidémiologie)</term><term>Flambées de maladies</term><term>Humains</term><term>Microbiologie de l'air</term><term>RT-PCR</term><term>Syndrome respiratoire aigu sévère (transmission)</term><term>Syndrome respiratoire aigu sévère (épidémiologie)</term><term>Virus du SRAS (génétique)</term><term>Virus du SRAS (isolement et purification)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="geographic" qualifier="epidemiology" xml:lang="en"><term>Canada</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="epidemiology" xml:lang="en"><term>Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="genetics" xml:lang="en"><term>SARS Virus</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="génétique" xml:lang="fr"><term>Virus du SRAS</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="isolation & purification" xml:lang="en"><term>SARS Virus</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="isolement et purification" xml:lang="fr"><term>Virus du SRAS</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="transmission" xml:lang="en"><term>Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="épidémiologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Canada</term><term>Syndrome respiratoire aigu sévère</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Air Microbiology</term><term>Disease Outbreaks</term><term>Humans</term><term>Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="fr"><term>Flambées de maladies</term><term>Humains</term><term>Microbiologie de l'air</term><term>RT-PCR</term></keywords><keywords scheme="Wicri" type="geographic" xml:lang="fr"><term>Canada</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract">Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is characterized by a risk of nosocomial transmission; however, the risk of airborne transmission of SARS is unknown. During the Toronto outbreaks of SARS, we investigated environmental contamination in SARS units, by employing novel air sampling and conventional surface swabbing. Two polymerase chain reaction (PCR)–positive air samples were obtained from a room occupied by a patient with SARS, indicating the presence of the virus in the air of the room. In addition, several PCR-positive swab samples were recovered from frequently touched surfaces in rooms occupied by patients with SARS (a bed table and a television remote control) and in a nurses’ station used by staff (a medication refrigerator door). These data provide the first experimental confirmation of viral aerosol generation by a patient with SARS, indicating the possibility of airborne droplet transmission, which emphasizes the need for adequate respiratory protection, as well as for strict surface hygiene practices</div></front></TEI><affiliations><list><country><li>Canada</li></country><region><li>Ontario</li></region><settlement><li>Toronto</li></settlement><orgName><li>Université de Toronto</li></orgName></list><tree><noCountry><name sortKey="Bastien, Nathalie" sort="Bastien, Nathalie" uniqKey="Bastien N" first="Nathalie" last="Bastien">Nathalie Bastien</name><name sortKey="Downey, James" sort="Downey, James" uniqKey="Downey J" first="James" last="Downey">James Downey</name><name sortKey="Henry, Bonnie" sort="Henry, Bonnie" uniqKey="Henry B" first="Bonnie" last="Henry">Bonnie Henry</name><name sortKey="Ho, Jim" sort="Ho, Jim" uniqKey="Ho J" first="Jim" last="Ho">Jim Ho</name><name sortKey="Kobasa, Darwyn" sort="Kobasa, Darwyn" uniqKey="Kobasa D" first="Darwyn" last="Kobasa">Darwyn Kobasa</name><name sortKey="Kournikakis, Bill" sort="Kournikakis, Bill" uniqKey="Kournikakis B" first="Bill" last="Kournikakis">Bill Kournikakis</name><name sortKey="Li, Yan" sort="Li, Yan" uniqKey="Li Y" first="Yan" last="Li">Yan Li</name><name sortKey="Mederski, Barbara" sort="Mederski, Barbara" uniqKey="Mederski B" first="Barbara" last="Mederski">Barbara Mederski</name><name sortKey="Paton, Shirley" sort="Paton, Shirley" uniqKey="Paton S" first="Shirley" last="Paton">Shirley Paton</name><name sortKey="Plummer, Frank" sort="Plummer, Frank" uniqKey="Plummer F" first="Frank" last="Plummer">Frank Plummer</name><name sortKey="Spence, Mel" sort="Spence, Mel" uniqKey="Spence M" first="Mel" last="Spence">Mel Spence</name><name sortKey="Stadnyk, Laurie" sort="Stadnyk, Laurie" uniqKey="Stadnyk L" first="Laurie" last="Stadnyk">Laurie Stadnyk</name><name sortKey="White, Diane" sort="White, Diane" uniqKey="White D" first="Diane" last="White">Diane White</name></noCountry><country name="Canada"><noRegion><name sortKey="Booth, Timothy F" sort="Booth, Timothy F" uniqKey="Booth T" first="Timothy F." last="Booth">Timothy F. Booth</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Jamieson, Frances B" sort="Jamieson, Frances B" uniqKey="Jamieson F" first="Frances B." last="Jamieson">Frances B. Jamieson</name><name sortKey="Low, Donald E" sort="Low, Donald E" uniqKey="Low D" first="Donald E." last="Low">Donald E. Low</name><name sortKey="Mcgeer, Allison" sort="Mcgeer, Allison" uniqKey="Mcgeer A" first="Allison" last="Mcgeer">Allison Mcgeer</name><name sortKey="Simor, Andrew" sort="Simor, Andrew" uniqKey="Simor A" first="Andrew" last="Simor">Andrew Simor</name><name sortKey="Tang, Patrick" sort="Tang, Patrick" uniqKey="Tang P" first="Patrick" last="Tang">Patrick Tang</name><name sortKey="Vearncombe, Mary" sort="Vearncombe, Mary" uniqKey="Vearncombe M" first="Mary" last="Vearncombe">Mary Vearncombe</name></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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